Day 126 of 365 days Campaign
HOW TO REDUCE THE BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)
Cost effective interventions that are feasible to be implemented even in low-resource settings have been identified by WHO for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. They include two types of interventions: population-wide and individual, which are recommended to be used in combination to reduce the greatest cardiovascular disease burden.
Examples of population-wide interventions that can be implemented to reduce CVDs include:
comprehensive tobacco control policies
taxation to reduce the intake of foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt
building walking and cycle paths to increase physical activity
strategies to reduce harmful use of alcohol
Providing healthy school meals to children.
At the individual level, for prevention of first heart attacks and strokes, individual health-care interventions need to be targeted to those at high total cardiovascular risk or those with single risk factor levels above traditional thresholds, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The former approach is more cost-effective than the latter and has the potential to substantially reduce cardiovascular events. This approach is feasible in primary care in low-resource settings, including by non-physician health workers.
For secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in those with established disease, including diabetes, treatments with medications are necessary.
The benefits of these interventions are largely independent, but when used together with smoking cessation, nearly 75% of recurrent vascular events may be prevented. Currently there are major gaps in the implementation of these interventions particularly at the primary health care level.
In addition costly surgical operations are sometimes required to treat CVDs. Medical devices are required to treat some CVDs. Such devices include pacemakers, prosthetic valves, and patches for closing holes in the heart.
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